A limestone from the South of Thailand was utilized as a source for preparation of heterogeneous base catalysts for transesterification of various vegetable oils with methanol and ethanol has been
The 2 set of engine experiments have been conducted to verify the effect of biodiesel blended fuel on diesel combustion for the low pressure diesel direct injection and common-rail direct injection. For low pressure (300 – 500 bar.G), the presence of biodiesel affect to the improvement of fuel ignition quality. While, the common-rail DI, the fuel conversion efficiency and ignition quality could help improving the engine combustion only at low speed high load condition.
Trimethylolpropane (TMP) esters can be synthesized via catalytic transesterification of TMP with fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) in the base catalyst. This work investigated the catalytic performance of hetero- geneous base catalysts, such as Ca(OH)2 and CaO in the transesterification of TMP with mixed C8-C10 FAME.
A new DME synthesis route from syngas at a relatively low temperature (443 K) has been developed for the first time by the combination of a conventional DME synthesis catalyst (Cu/ZnO:HZSM-5 catalyst) with methanol as a catalytic solvent. The addition of methanol to the reaction system is the key to the success of DME synthesis at this temperature. Indeed, a CO conversion of 29 and 43% with a DME selectivity of 69 and 68% were achieved at 443 or 453 K, respectively, and 4 MPa, when methanol was used as a catalytic solvent.
The aim of this study was to improve the quality of bio-oil produced from the pyrolysis of Leucaena leucocephala
trunks via catalytic deoxygenation using Pt/Al2O3 (Pt content = 1.32% (w/w)). The minimum
molar ratio of oxygen/carbon (O/C) at 0.14 was achieved when the amount of catalyst was 10% (w/w,
bio-oil) and was applied under 4 bar of initial nitrogen pressure at 340 C for 1 h. The reaction mechanism
of the catalytic deoxygenation, in terms of reforming, water–gas shift and dehydration reactions, was
Eight cultivars of napiergrass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach.), namely Dwarf, Muaklek, Bana, Taiwan A148, Common, Wruk wona, Tifton and Kampheng San, were grown in central Thailand in 2008-2009 and biomass yield, chemical composition and theoretical ethanol yield were measured. Harvests were made every 3 months. Biomass yield and cell wall compositions differed significantly (P < 0.05) among cultivars. Tifton produced the highest annual bio- mass yield at 58.3 t/ha followed by Wruk wona (52.1 t/ha), while the lowest yield of 27.1 t/ha was in Dwarf.
The effect of ethanol blended gasoline fuel on emission was investigated in Thailand. The exhaust emissions tests on four-stroke motorcycle fueled with gasoline fuel (E0) and ethanol blended gasoline fuel (E10&E20) were conducted and evaluated in this research. The emissions test results show that the ethanol blended gasoline fuel results in decreasing of CO emission by 40-70%. Other emissions are not difference. Fuel consumption test results between ethanol blended gasoline fuels compared to gasoline fuel are not difference.
คู่มือการใช้งานและบำรุงรักษาระบบ โครงการการศึกษา พัฒนาระบบผลิตแก๊สชีวมวลเพื่อผลิตไฟฟ้า ในเครื่องยนต์สันดาปภายใน