Trimethylolpropane (TMP) esters can be synthesized via catalytic transesterification of TMP with fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) in the base catalyst. This work investigated the catalytic performance of hetero- geneous base catalysts, such as Ca(OH)2 and CaO in the transesterification of TMP with mixed C8-C10 FAME.
The aim of this study was to improve the quality of bio-oil produced from the pyrolysis of Leucaena leucocephala
trunks via catalytic deoxygenation using Pt/Al2O3 (Pt content = 1.32% (w/w)). The minimum
molar ratio of oxygen/carbon (O/C) at 0.14 was achieved when the amount of catalyst was 10% (w/w,
bio-oil) and was applied under 4 bar of initial nitrogen pressure at 340 C for 1 h. The reaction mechanism
of the catalytic deoxygenation, in terms of reforming, water–gas shift and dehydration reactions, was
Eight cultivars of napiergrass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach.), namely Dwarf, Muaklek, Bana, Taiwan A148, Common, Wruk wona, Tifton and Kampheng San, were grown in central Thailand in 2008-2009 and biomass yield, chemical composition and theoretical ethanol yield were measured. Harvests were made every 3 months. Biomass yield and cell wall compositions differed significantly (P < 0.05) among cultivars. Tifton produced the highest annual bio- mass yield at 58.3 t/ha followed by Wruk wona (52.1 t/ha), while the lowest yield of 27.1 t/ha was in Dwarf.
The ethanol blended fuel performance evaluation are performed on motorcycles in Thailand. The evaporative emission from four models of four-stroke motorcycle fuel with E0 , E10 and E20 are tested in this study. The are totally 8 motorcycles; two motorcycles from each selected models, are use for performing the tests. The evaporative emission and tailpipe emission are measured in difference legislation. The emissions from MC model A and C (fuel injection) are measured according to TIS 2350- 2551 (equivalent to 97/24/EC , Euro 3).
คู่มือการใช้งานและบำรุงรักษาระบบ โครงการการศึกษา พัฒนาระบบผลิตแก๊สชีวมวลเพื่อผลิตไฟฟ้า ในเครื่องยนต์สันดาปภายใน